Prostate Tumors ‘Prostate Cancer Diseases’
Causes of the disease
As with many diseases, the cause of prostate tumor development is not clear. However, it is known that this tumor is common in members of some families. This brings to mind the heredity factor. An interesting observation is that there is a belief that the transition from childhood to adolescence takes a long time in most of those who have this disease in old age. It has been shown that the rate of prostate tumor is affected by the male hormone testosterone.
Prostate Tumors ‘Prostate Cancer Diseases’ and Diagnosis Methods
Perhaps the worst part of a prostate tumor is that the disease progresses very insidiously and does not show any symptoms. Enlarged prostate tumor compressing the urinary tract can cause difficult and frequent urination. After bone involvement in the advanced stage, bone pain begins. Considering this possibility, every man over the age of 55 should be carefully considered in terms of prostate tumor.
Triad, which is used in the early stage diagnosis of the disease, even though there are no symptoms; It consists of Rectal Touch finding (RTF), Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), Multiparametric Prostate MR, Ttransrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and Biopsy.
Rectal Touch Finding:
Rectal examination is the only and easiest way to reach the prostate manually. The index finger inserted through the anus can even detect the lentil-sized stiffness on the back of the prostate. The probability of a prostate hardening in men over the age of 50 is 50%. This probability increases to 70% in the deterioration of the symmetrical structure of the organ and the loss of its anatomical border. Other possibilities for this finding are chronic prostatitis and prostate stones.
Prostate-Specific Antigen:
It is an internal secretion that is secreted from prostate epithelial cells and empties into the duct system. Normally, only a small portion of PSA passes into the bloodstream. Those with a PSA level of less than 4 ng/ml in the blood are the group with the lowest probability of prostate tumor. When there is a tumor-like change in the structure of the prostate gland, PSA enters the general circulation through the tiny blood vessels. It has been shown that the level of PSA in the blood rises in proportion to the size of the prostate tumor.
On the other hand, it was reported that PSA level was within normal limits in 21% of patients with tumors. PSA elevation is known in 25% of people with only enlargement of the prostate. For these reasons, a PSA level above normal is neither an ideal sensitivity nor a specificity prostate tumor criterion on its own. But there is no doubt that it is the most reliable of the laboratory values available.
Multiparametric MR:
If PSA is above the normal value, it is the first diagnostic procedure after rectal tuberculosis. If there is a suspicious lesion here, it is necessary to confirm the diagnosis with biopsy.
Transrectal Ultrasonography:
Ultrasonography is a medical examination method that makes organs visible with high-frequency sound waves. Using this method, the prostate is visualized under the umbilicus or through the anus. At the end of the examination, Prostatic Hyperplasia and tumor can be distinguished from each other. Ultrasonography may not always give 100% reliable results in tumor diagnosis. However, it provides great convenience in taking a piece of tissue (biopsy) from the suspicious area.